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Why are we interested in the topic? Healthcare innovation has historically gone through cycles of 10 to 15 years and estimates are at around $100 billion market potential. The emergence of Glucagon-like peptide-1s (GLP-1s) marks a significant milestone in healthcare, particularly in combating type 2 diabetes and obesity. These gut-secreted peptides are pivotal in blood sugar regulation and appetite control. Their unique ability to enhance insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release positions them at the forefront of diabetes and obesity management. This exploration delves into GLP-1s' action mechanisms, market leaders, economic impacts, and their overarching influence on health and economy, offering a holistic view of GLP-1-based therapeutic potential and challenges. GLP-1s are metabolic game-changers. Secreted post-meal, they boost insulin secretion, stabilize blood glucose, and curb appetite. This dual action renders them highly effective against type 2 diabetes and obesity. GLP-1s uniquely stimulate insulin production in a glucose-dependent manner, minimizing hypoglycemia risks. They also slow gastric emptying, enhancing satiety and aiding in weight management. These attributes not only control blood sugar but also facilitate weight loss, offering a comprehensive approach to diabetes and obesity treatment (Müller et al., 2019). The GLP-1 market is witnessing exponential growth, driven by innovations and emerging competitors. As of 2024, giants like Novo Nordisk (semaglutide), Eli Lilly (dulaglutide), and AstraZeneca (exenatide) dominate the scene. The global market for GLP-1 therapies, with its impressive growth rate, reflects the rising tide of diabetes and obesity, affecting 463 million people worldwide (International Diabetes Federation). The market thrives on innovative strategies, including novel formulations and delivery systems like weekly injectables and oral options. Analysts foresee continued market expansion, fueled by increasing diabetes and obesity prevalence, heightened awareness of GLP-1 therapies, and growing acceptance among healthcare professionals and patients. Obesity's economic toll on healthcare systems is profound, escalating healthcare utilization and costs linked to chronic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and certain cancers. This burden extends to indirect costs related to productivity losses and social services. Economic Impact of Obesity on Healthcare System: Rising Prevalence and Disease Burden: Obesity's skyrocketing prevalence has led to a significant disease and cost burden, with its economic impact reaching 0.13-0.22% of GDP and 1.5-5.6% of health expenditures in various countries (Wulandari & Kristina, 2018). Direct and Indirect Costs: Obesity's economic burden is substantial, with indirect costs often surpassing direct healthcare expenses. Healthcare Utilization Surge: Obesity escalates hospitalizations, prescription needs, and specialized care, primarily driving up costs through drug prescriptions and hospital admissions (Colao et al., 2017). GLP-1 Drugs: A Cost-Effective Solution: Weight Loss Efficacy: GLP-1 receptor agonists, like liraglutide, have shown promising results in sustained weight loss, offering a non-surgical obesity treatment alternative. This weight reduction can significantly lower the risk of obesity-related complications (Ladenheim, 2015). Appetite and Intake Regulation: GLP-1 analogs effectively regulate appetite and food intake, contributing to weight management (Aldawsari et al., 2023). The journey through the GLP-1 landscape reveals the remarkable progress in healthcare. These peptides, integral to our gut's functioning, are now pivotal in addressing diabetes and obesity. The development of GLP-1 therapies showcases a blend of scientific innovation and market acumen. The booming GLP-1 market, driven by the diabetes epidemic, highlights the critical need for effective treatments. The economic narrative around obesity underscores its vast impact on healthcare systems and economies. GLP-1 drugs emerge as a beacon of hope, not just in managing blood sugar but in transforming the lives of those battling obesity. They symbolize a significant stride in reducing healthcare costs and enhancing life quality. In essence, exploring GLP-1s offers a glimpse into the complexities and triumphs of modern healthcare, underscoring the journey towards healthier, more fulfilling lives.